The Story of Ramses II: Pharaoh Who Shaped Egypt

Travel back in time and immerse yourself in the grandeur of ancient Egypt through the life of Ramses II, one of its most remarkable pharaohs. No study of this incredible ruler's era is complete without marvelling at the fascinating blend of history, architecture, and captivating tales that surround him.

This guide delves into the life of Ramses II, exploring his rise to the throne, his reign, and his significant contributions to ancient Egypt. We'll discover his background, his ascent to power, any potential biblical references, and his tremendous achievements – the colossal statues, magnificent temples, and awe-inspiring monuments that stand as testaments to his reign.

In this guide, we will also attempt to answer some of the most frequently asked questions about visiting the site, including:

How Did Ramses Become A Pharaoh? What Is The Connection Between Ramses II And Moses? What Was Ramses Family Like? - more.

Who Was Ramses II?

Ramses II, also known as Ramesses the Great, was a truly legendary pharaoh of Egypt. The third ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty, his reign of 66 years (1279-1213 BCE) is considered one of the longest and most illustrious in Egyptian history. His fame stemmed not only from his long reign but also from his massive building projects and monuments that beautified the landscape.

Ramses II was the son of Seti I, succeeding him as Pharaoh. This ambitious king embarked on military campaigns that expanded his kingdom's reach, stretching from Nubia in the south to Syria in the northeast. Victories over the Hittite king and other enemies secured his place in Egyptian history. These achievements were documented on temple walls, including the Temple of Ramesses II and the stunning Abu Simbel complex.

However, Ramses II was also a diplomat. He established peace treaties with his former foes, marking a significant achievement in a reign known for both warfare and statesmanship.

Ramses II's legacy extends to his family. He fathered many children with his most favoured wife, Nefertari. The beautifully preserved tomb of Nefertari is a testament to his love for her.

Arguably, his most enduring contribution lies in his astounding architectural projects. Visitors to the British Museum in London can marvel at a statue of Ramses II, while the Egyptian Museum in Cairo houses his mummy. The intricate temple at Abu Simbel, the colossal statue of him known as the Ramesseum on the west bank of the Nile, and the hypostyle hall at Karnak are just a few of the many enduring remnants of his reign.

Ramses II was more than just a pharaoh; he was a grand symbol of the richness of ancient Egypt. His legacy continues to inspire visitors to the land of the Pharaohs.

How Did Ramses II Become the Pharaoh of Egypt?

Known as Ramses the Great, Ramses II was born into royalty as the son of Pharaoh Seti I and his queen, Tuya. His path to becoming Pharaoh was, therefore, preordained. However, the circumstances of his rise and his subsequent reign are what truly set Ramses II apart.

Following the death of Seti I, Ramses II ascended the throne at a young age. His early years as ruler were marked by ambitious building projects across Egypt, including the Great Temple of Ramses II located along the borders with Nubia. These monuments served as testaments to his desire to expand his influence. The grandeur of these structures was truly befitting a king of his stature.

Ramses II of Egypt ascended as Pharaoh during the Nineteenth Dynasty, a significant period in Ancient Egyptian history. His reign, lasting an incredible 66 years until his death, brought about many transformations throughout Egypt and solidified Ramses II's position as a key figure in the annals of ancient history.

Is Ramses II The Pharaoh Mentioned In The Book Of Exodus?

There's a tantalising historical conjecture that entertains the notion of Ramses II being the Pharaoh mentioned in the Book of Exodus. Evidence doesn't fully substantiate this claim, but the correlation between timelines and situational nuances put forth in the Book of Exodus certainly raises interesting questions about Ramses II's place in biblical history.

The intriguing notion revolves around the story of the Israelites' enslavement in Egypt, their subsequent liberation under the leadership of Moses, and their arduous journey out of Egypt. This time period theoretically coincides with the reign of Ramses II and the construction of the cities of Pithom and Pi-Rameses, as mentioned in the Book of Exodus.

The overwhelming influence of Ramesses II, especially around the time of the Exodus, coupled with the impressive length of his reign and his major contributions to Egyptian infrastructure, makes it tempting for historians, archaeologists, and theologians alike to draw connections. However, until concrete evidence is presented, the link between the Pharaoh Ramesses II and the Exodus narrative remains a topic of ongoing academic debate.

What Is The Connection Between Ramses II And Moses?

Popular culture often draws a link between Ramses II and the biblical figure Moses. This connection is primarily based on the timing of Ramses II's reign and the speculated timeframe when Moses lived. While there is no conclusive historical evidence to solidify this connection, cinematic adaptations like 'The Prince of Egypt' have popularised it.

Interestingly, the 'Battle of Kadesh', a significant event during Ramses II's reign, is often used to illustrate the Pharaoh's leadership qualities, values, and strategies—traits that stand in stark contrast to those attributed to Moses in religious texts.

Why Was Ramses II's Reign Considered Successful?

Ramses II's reign is considered successful for a multitude of reasons. Spanning over six decades, his rule marked a period of prosperity, stability, and architectural flourish in ancient Egypt. His architectural marvels, such as the temples at Abu Simbel in southern Egypt, still stand as a testament to his power and vision. The Ramesseum, his mortuary temple, and the intricately detailed funerary temple nearby further showcase his architectural prowess.

A significant event during his reign was the Battle of Kadesh, where he faced the Hittites and successfully defended Egypt. Following this military feat, he established a peace treaty with the Hittite Empire, a landmark achievement in diplomacy. His political astuteness was further demonstrated by marrying the daughter of the Hittite king, solidifying bilateral ties.

Ramses also undertook extensive building projects. Beyond temples and funerary complexes, his colossal bust, now on display at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, is one of the most recognisable artefacts from his reign. This magnificent sculpture offers a glimpse into the Pharaoh's grandeur.

In addition to his remarkable rule, his personal life garnered significant attention. With over 100 children, Ramses' lineage secured the continuation of the Egyptian dynasty, reinforcing his influence even after his death.

The reign of Ramses II had a far-reaching impact, influencing various aspects of Egyptian civilisation for years to come. His significant impact is evident in the meticulous preservation of his body with a linen covering placed within his tomb in the Valley of the Kings. Ramses II's death marked the end of an unforgettable era.

What Are Some Of The Monuments And Building Projects Undertaken During Ramses II's Reign?

The reign of Ramses II was marked by grandeur and architectural prowess. This monumental extravagance is associated with a range of impressive building projects and monuments, each embodying the skilled craftsmanship of ancient Egypt.

One such feat is the Abu Simbel Temples, a magnificent complex carved directly out of rock. These awe-inspiring temples are a testament to the architectural marvels achieved during his reign.

Another smaller temple within the Abu Simbel complex is dedicated to his beloved wife, Nefertari. Built by Ramses II, it showcases his devotion as much as his determination to leave a lasting legacy.

Among other monuments, a significant creation was the city of Per-Ramesses or Pi-Ramesses, known for its overwhelming scale and grandeur.

Evidence of Ramses II's cleverly engineered constructions is sprinkled throughout Upper Egypt. A grand monument that stands out is the Ramesseum, a mortuary temple designed to honour the Pharaoh in life and the afterlife.

Other important structures commissioned during his reign include the temple complex at Karnak, the tomb of the high priest, and numerous statues and smaller temples.

Ramses II built these incredible architectural spectacles over his 66-year rule, making his reign one of the most architecturally productive times in ancient Egyptian history.

What Military Campaigns Add To The Glory Of Ramses II?

Pharaoh Ramses II was as much a builder as he was a warrior. His military campaigns played a significant role in shaping his successful reign, embroidering his legacy with tales of bravery and strategic prowess. One such powerful military venture by Ramses II was launched against the Hittites at the Battle of Kadesh. While not a clear victory, Egyptian records portray it as a significant triumph.

Ramses II's military capabilities extended beyond battles. He conducted several campaigns to secure Egypt's borders, maintaining peace and stability within the kingdom. Despite occasional unrest, Ramses II's military strategies were largely successful, solidifying his place as one of ancient Egypt's greatest pharaohs.

From the colossal statues marking his reign to the military conquests he led, Ramses II's legacy is one of grandeur, architectural brilliance, strategic military campaigns, and an aspiration for eternal life through his achievements. Undeniably, his reign and life represent an illustrious chapter in the history of ancient Egypt.

What Was Ramses II's Family Like?

As an integral part of our comprehensive guide, it's important to delve into the personal side of Ramses II's story for a well-rounded understanding. Here, we focus on his family life, which presents a more intimate picture of King Ramses II. He wasn't just an extraordinary ruler and tactician but also a devoted husband and a loving father, at least according to the available records.

Although information about his family life may be somewhat obscured by the passage of time, what we do have suggests a large family. The Pharaoh was known to have many wives, with Queen Nefertari being the most famous. The beautifully intricate artwork inside her tomb offers a glimpse into her life as a majestic queen. Ramses II fathered over 100 children, securing his legacy for generations to come.

This seemingly close family life existed alongside his reign, reflecting the Pharaoh's ability to manage both his professional and personal life. Understanding this helps paint a more complete picture of Ramses II, presenting him not just as a ruler but as a human being.

However, it's important to note that ensuring his legacy wasn't just about his numerous offspring. Sadly, signs of illnesses like hardening of the arteries were discovered in his mummy, revealing more about his natural lifespan and general health during his reign.

Where Can You Behold The Colossal Statue Of Ramses II?

Undoubtedly, witnessing the imposing statues and monuments of Ramses II is an awe-inspiring experience that transports you back to the rich, bygone era of ancient Egypt. Fortunately for history enthusiasts and travellers alike, there are multiple opportunities to encounter the grandeur of Ramses II.

The Colossal Statue of Ramses II

While fragments of colossal statues of Ramses II exist in various locations, the most famous complete statue once resided in Memphis. Due to weathering and pollution, it was relocated for preservation. Currently, you can behold this magnificent statue at the Grand Egyptian Museum in Giza. This awe-inspiring monument, a legacy of the ruler, beckons visitors with its scale and grandeur.

Other Sights

Luxor Temple and Abu Simbel are also significant locations where impressive sculptures of Ramses II abound, bearing testament to his reign. Notably, Ramses II commissioned the construction of the grandiose temple complex at Abu Simbel, an architectural marvel that continues to be admired today.

These venues stand as testaments to the enduring legacy of Ramses II, his reign etched in stone for the world to experience. Whether you find yourself standing in the shadow of his colossal statue or exploring the wonders of his architectural achievements, you are sure to feel the timeless influence of this remarkable ruler.

Tips & Tricks, FAQ

Unravelling the enigmatic world of Ramses II is a daunting yet thoroughly enchanting journey brimming with untold mysteries and cultural enrichment. To aid you on this enlightening expedition, here are a few tips and tricks to point you in the right direction:

• Visit reputable and reliable sources for well-researched information about Ramses II. Websites like the BBC History website and National Geographic provide a wealth of knowledge.
• Try expanding your search phrases using different keyword variations. For instance, instead of typing just "Ramses II," use phrases like "reign of Ramses II," "legacy of Pharaoh Ramses," and "Ramses II's contributions to ancient Egypt."
• Dive into academic resources such as JSTOR or Google Scholar for qualified scholarly content about Ramses II. Many of these sources are often free and available online.
• Consider visiting museums virtually or in person to see real-life remnants and artefacts from Ramses II's era.

FAQs

• Did Ramses II have many wives? Yes. Ramses II was known to have multiple wives, which was common for a pharaoh in ancient Egypt. His chief wife was Queen Nefertari.
• Who was Ramses II's successor? Merneptah, one of his many sons, succeeded Ramses II.
• Is Ramses II the Pharaoh in the Exodus story? The identity of the Pharaoh in the biblical book of Exodus is still a matter of debate among historians. Some believe it could have been Ramses II, but it remains unconfirmed.

Delving into the realm of ancient Egypt and retracing Ramses II's life is akin to peeling back layers of time, savouring a taste of history that is as bewitching as it is enlightening.

Understanding his reign is not merely about idolising a brilliant ruler but comprehending how our history was shaped and, thus, how we came to be the world we are today.

We hope this detailed article has been of value to you in your quest to explore Ramses II further and has ignited a spark of interest in learning more about this fascinating figure from ancient Egypt.

Best of luck with your continuing historical adventures, and may your thirst for knowledge never be quenched!