Valley of the Kings: Your Guide to the Ancient Tombs

Welcome to the Valley of the Kings, a place where the sands of time whisper tales of ancient Egypt's grandeur. Nestled on the west bank of the Nile, near Luxor, this valley served as the final resting place for pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom. Imagine descending into the rock-cut tombs (KV), adorned with vibrant hieroglyphs and intricate murals, where the echoes of history still resonate. Prepare to be awestruck as you explore the burial chambers of Tutankhamun, Ramses VI, and other legendary rulers, uncovering the secrets and splendours of a civilisation that continues to captivate the world.

This guide will be your key to unlocking the wonders of this UNESCO World Heritage Site, offering insights into the history, significance, and practicalities of visiting this extraordinary archaeological treasure. Let's embark on a journey through time, exploring the Valley of the Kings and its magnificent tombs.

What is the Valley of the Kings?

The Valley of the Kings, nestled on the west bank of the Nile River in Upper Egypt, is a vast necropolis serving as the final resting place for pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom (circa 1550-1070 BC). Unlike the towering pyramids of Giza, which housed the tombs of earlier pharaohs, the tombs in the Valley of the Kings are cut directly into the rock face, hidden within the cliffs. This shift in burial practice reflects a change in ancient Egyptian beliefs and a desire to protect the tombs from grave robbers.

The valley was in use for approximately 500 years, and the Theban Mapping Project has identified at least 63 tombs within its confines, ranging from small, simple pits to complex structures with multiple chambers and corridors. The most famous tomb in the valley is undoubtedly KV62, the tomb of Tutankhamun, discovered by Howard Carter in 1922. The treasures found within this tomb, including Tutankhamun's golden burial mask and sarcophagus, offered the world an unprecedented glimpse into the opulence and artistry of ancient Egyptian burial practices.

Though many of the tombs have suffered damage and looting over the centuries, several remain open to the public, offering visitors a chance to step back in time and witness the grandeur of ancient Egypt. As you explore the valley, you'll encounter intricate hieroglyphs, vibrant murals depicting scenes from the afterlife, and the remnants of the pharaohs' quest for eternal life. The Valley of the Kings is not just a collection of tombs; it is a window into the beliefs, artistry, and history of one of the world's most fascinating civilisations.

Why was the Valley of the Kings chosen as a burial site?

The ancient Egyptians didn't just stumble upon this valley; they deliberately chose it for its unique characteristics that aligned with their beliefs and security concerns. Here's why:

• Natural Protection: The Valley of the Kings is a naturally isolated desert valley dominated by El Qurn, a pyramid-shaped mountain peak. This geographical feature provided a degree of natural security against tomb raiders. The valley's remote location and rugged terrain made it difficult to access and easier to monitor.
• Religious Significance: The west bank of the Nile was associated with the setting sun and the realm of the dead in ancient Egyptian mythology. By burying their pharaohs on the west bank, the ancient Egyptians believed they were ensuring their successful journey into the afterlife.
• Geology: The geology of the valley played a crucial role. The limestone rock was relatively easy to cut into, allowing for the creation of elaborate underground tombs. The quality of the rock also helped preserve the tombs and their contents by minimising water damage.
• Shift from Pyramids: The pyramids of the Old Kingdom, while impressive, had proven vulnerable to looting. The Valley of the Kings offered a more discreet alternative, with tombs hidden within the cliffs rather than standing as prominent landmarks.

This combination of factors – natural protection, religious significance, suitable geology, and increased security – made the Valley of the Kings an ideal location for the royal burial ground of the New Kingdom pharaohs.

Which tombs can I visit in the Valley of the Kings?

While the Valley of the Kings contains at least 63 tombs, not all are open to the public. The open tombs rotate regularly for conservation purposes, and some require separate tickets. Here are a few of the most famous tombs you might have the chance to explore:

• KV62 – Tutankhamun: This is arguably the most famous tomb in the world. Though relatively small, its discovery by Howard Carter in 1922 caused a sensation due to the wealth of treasures it contained, including Tutankhamun's golden mask and sarcophagus. Seeing these artefacts in situ is a truly remarkable experience.
• KV9 – Ramses VI: One of the largest tombs in the valley, KV9 boasts stunning decorations, including scenes from the Book of Gates, an important ancient Egyptian funerary text. Its long corridor and spacious chambers offer a glimpse into the grandeur associated with a powerful pharaoh.
• KV11 – Ramses III: This tomb is known for its intricate and well-preserved wall decorations depicting scenes from various mythological texts. It offers a fascinating insight into the ancient Egyptian beliefs about the afterlife and the journey of the soul.
• KV17 – Seti I: Considered one of the most beautiful tombs in the valley, Seti I's tomb features vibrant colours and detailed reliefs covering almost every surface. It's particularly renowned for its astronomical ceiling in the burial chamber.

These are just a few examples of the magnificent tombs you might encounter in the Valley of the Kings. Each tomb offers a unique glimpse into the lives, beliefs, and artistic achievements of the pharaohs and nobles buried within. Remember to check which tombs are open during your visit and consider purchasing tickets in advance, especially for popular tombs like Tutankhamun's.

What can I expect during my visit to the Valley of the Kings?

Visiting the Valley of the Kings is like stepping into a time machine and journeying back to the era of the pharaohs. Here's what you can expect during your exploration of this ancient wonder:

• Visitor Centre: Your journey begins at the Visitor Centre, where you can purchase tickets, browse exhibits, and even see a model of the valley. This is a good place to orient yourself and gather information about the tombs.
• Walking and Exploring: Be prepared to walk! The valley is spread out, and you'll be doing a fair bit of walking, often on uneven paths and inclines. Comfortable shoes are a must. You'll also be descending into the tombs themselves, which involves navigating stairs and sometimes narrow passages.
• Tomb Interiors: Inside the tombs, you'll be greeted by a world of vibrant colours and intricate scenes. Hieroglyphs cover the walls, telling stories of the pharaoh's journey through the afterlife. Many tombs feature vivid depictions of gods, goddesses, and mythological creatures. Remember to be respectful of these ancient spaces and avoid touching the walls or artefacts.
• Photography: Photography restrictions vary from tomb to tomb. In some, flash photography is prohibited to protect fragile paintings. In others, you may need to purchase a separate photography permit. It's always best to check the rules at the entrance to each tomb.
• Guided Tours: Consider taking a guided tour to enhance your experience. A knowledgeable guide can provide valuable context and insights into the history, symbolism, and significance of the tombs. They can also help you navigate the valley and answer any questions you may have.
• Respectful Behaviour: Remember that the Valley of the Kings is a sacred site. Dress modestly, speak quietly, and avoid disruptive behaviour. Help preserve this ancient wonder for future generations by following the rules and respecting the environment.

Visiting the Valley of the Kings is a truly unforgettable experience. By being prepared and respectful, you can make the most of your journey through this fascinating window into ancient Egypt.

How do I get to the Valley of the Kings?

Reaching the Valley of the Kings is relatively straightforward but involves crossing the Nile from the bustling city of Luxor to the quieter west bank. Here are the most common ways to make the journey:

From Luxor:

• Ferry: The most common and affordable way to reach the west bank is by taking a local ferry across the Nile. Ferries depart regularly from the east bank in Luxor and take just a few minutes to cross the river. Once on the west bank, you can hire a taxi or join a minibus to reach the Valley of the Kings.
• Taxi: You can hire a taxi for the day to take you to the Valley of the Kings and other west bank attractions like the Temple of Hatshepsut and the Colossi of Memnon. Agree on a price with the driver before setting off, and make sure they understand you want to spend time at each site.
• Tour Bus: Many organised tours in Luxor include transportation to the Valley of the Kings as part of a wider itinerary. This can be a convenient option, especially if you prefer a structured experience with a guide.

From other locations:

• Luxor Airport: If you're arriving from elsewhere in Egypt or internationally, Luxor International Airport (LXR) is the closest airport. From there, you can hire a taxi directly to the Valley of the Kings.
• Nile Cruise: Some Nile cruises include excursions to Luxor and the Valley of the Kings as part of their itinerary. This can be a relaxing way to see the sights, with transportation and guided tours often included.

Once you arrive at the Valley of the Kings, a small tourist train transports visitors from the main entrance to the tombs. This saves you a bit of walking in the heat, especially during the summer months when temperatures soar.

No matter which method you choose, reaching the Valley of the Kings is an adventure in itself. The journey across the Nile and through the Theban hills adds to the sense of anticipation as you approach this ancient and awe-inspiring site.

When is the best time to visit the Valley of the Kings?

Timing your visit to the Valley of the Kings can significantly enhance your experience. Here's a breakdown of the best times to go:

By Season:

• Winter (October - April): This is the peak tourist season in Luxor, and for good reason. The weather is pleasantly warm, with average temperatures ranging from 15-25°C (59-77°F), making it ideal for exploring the tombs without sweltering in the heat. However, be prepared for larger crowds, especially during the mid-morning hours.
• Summer (May - September): Summer in Luxor is scorching, with temperatures often exceeding 40°C (104°F). While you might encounter fewer crowds, the intense heat can make exploring the valley uncomfortable and even risky. If you do visit during the summer, go early in the morning or late in the afternoon when temperatures are slightly cooler.

By Time of Day:

• Early Morning: Arriving early, shortly after the valley opens, allows you to beat the crowds and the midday heat. This is particularly advantageous if you plan to visit popular tombs like Tutankhamun's, which can get congested later in the day.
• Late Afternoon: Another good option is to visit in the late afternoon, a couple of hours before closing time. The temperatures will have cooled down slightly, and the crowds will have thinned out. Plus, the late afternoon light can cast a beautiful glow on the valley.

Avoiding Crowds:

While it's impossible to completely avoid crowds during peak season, here are a few tips:

• Weekdays: Visit on a weekday rather than a weekend when local tourism increases.
• Avoid Tour Bus Times: Try to avoid arriving at the same time as large tour groups, typically mid-morning.
• Less Popular Tombs First: Explore some of the less popular tombs first, saving the more famous ones for later when the crowds might have dispersed.

By considering the season, time of day, and crowd patterns, you can plan your visit to the Valley of the Kings for a more enjoyable and rewarding experience.

Tips for visiting the Valley of the Kings

To make the most of your experience exploring this ancient wonder, consider these practical tips:

• Tickets and Timings: Purchase your tickets in advance, especially during peak season, to avoid potential queues. Check the official website for opening times, which can vary depending on the time of year.
• Tomb Selection: With limited time, prioritise the tombs that most interest you. Tutankhamun's tomb (KV62) is a must-see, but don't miss the chance to explore other impressive tombs like KV9 (Ramses VI) and KV17 (Seti I).
• Dress Code: Dress modestly and respectfully, keeping in mind that this is a sacred site. Wear comfortable clothing suitable for walking and climbing stairs in the heat. A hat and sunglasses are essential, especially during the summer months.
• Hydration and Snacks: Bring plenty of water to stay hydrated, especially if visiting during the hotter months. Snacks are also a good idea, as there are limited options for purchasing food within the valley.
• Photography: Be aware of photography restrictions, which can vary from tomb to tomb. Some tombs prohibit flash photography, while others may require a separate photography permit.
• Guided Tours: Consider joining a guided tour to gain deeper insights into the history and significance of the tombs. A knowledgeable guide can enhance your understanding and answer any questions you may have.
• Respect the Environment: Help preserve this ancient site for future generations by staying on designated paths, avoiding touching the walls or artefacts, and disposing of any rubbish responsibly.

The Valley of the Kings offers a captivating journey through time, revealing the grandeur and beliefs of ancient Egypt. As you descend into the royal tombs and marvel at their intricate decorations, you'll gain a deeper appreciation for the pharaohs and the civilisation they ruled.

With a little planning and these helpful tips, your visit to the Valley of the Kings is sure to be an unforgettable experience. So, prepare to be awestruck by the wonders of this ancient necropolis, and may your exploration of the pharaohs' final resting place leave you with a lasting sense of wonder and discovery.